At a Glance: According to the ATF’s Current Processing Times (August 2025), ATF Form 4 eForms are processed in 10-23 days on average, while paper submissions take 35-45 days when completed accurately. These averages reflect major improvements in the ATF’s overall application process, particularly for electronic submissions.
For firearm dealers and owners transferring NFA items such as suppressors or short-barreled rifles, ATF Form 4 remains a required step in the approval process. While the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) has drastically reduced the average wait time for eForm submissions, new legislation and policy changes scheduled for 2026 could alter the pace again. This guide explains what ATF Form 4 is, what’s required, and how upcoming tax stamp rules will reshape the process.
Current ATF Form 4 Wait Times
The ATF’s published averages demonstrate the significant increase in processing speed across the United States. As of August 2025, the average wait time for an eForm 4 individual submission is about 10 days, while a trust application averages 23 days. Paper applications take slightly longer—approximately 35 days for an individual and 45 days for a trust—but these are still far shorter than the multi-month delays seen before 2023.
These numbers only reflect applications that are filled out correctly and completely. The ATF’s National Firearms Act (NFA) Division reviews all forms for accuracy, verifies background checks, and issues the tax stamp once approved.
While most FFLs now file electronically, some still prefer paper submissions. Paper forms are processed manually, meaning clerical review and data entry can extend turnaround slightly. Still, even these times are measured in weeks rather than months. Dealers should remind customers that seasonal surges, staffing adjustments, or new policy rollouts can temporarily slow down approvals.
What Is ATF Form 4 and What’s Required
Definition and Purpose
ATF Form 4, officially titled Application for Tax Paid Transfer and Registration of Firearm, is required under the National Firearms Act for any tax-paid transfer of an NFA firearm. These items include suppressors, short-barreled rifles (SBRs), short-barreled shotguns (SBSs), machine guns, destructive devices, and “Any Other Weapon” (AOW). The form must be filed and approved before the transferee can take possession of the firearm.
When Form 4 Applies
Form 4 is used any time ownership of an NFA firearm is transferred to another person or entity who will possess the item. This includes:
- Dealer (FFL/SOT) → Individual
Example: When you buy a suppressor, short-barreled rifle (SBR), or machine gun from a licensed dealer. - Dealer → Trust or Corporation
Example: When the transferee is an NFA trust, LLC, or other legal entity. - Individual → Individual (via an FFL/SOT)
Example: Private transfers of NFA items also require Form 4 and a new tax stamp. - Estate Transfers
Example: When an NFA item is inherited and transferred to a lawful heir outside of a tax-exempt circumstance (if not using Form 5).
Required Documentation and Information
The application must include complete information about both the firearm and the applicant. Missing data is one of the most common causes of delay. Applicants must submit:
- Manufacturer, model, caliber, and serial number of the firearm
- Transferor (seller/dealer) and transferee (buyer) information
- Passport-style photograph of the buyer
- Two FD-258 fingerprint cards per responsible person for paper filings, or an EFT (Electronic Fingerprint Transmission) file upload for eForms
- ATF Form 5320.23 for all responsible persons in a trust or corporation
- CLEO notification:
- Individuals provide a copy of the Form 4 to their Chief Law Enforcement Officer (CLEO), shown in item 12.
- Each responsible person on a trust or entity must also send CLEO notification with their own 5320.23 form.
Tax Payment
Currently, most NFA transfers require a $200 tax stamp, while “Any Other Weapon” transfers require a $5 tax. ATF eForm 4 payments are already processed digitally through Pay.gov at the time of submission, while paper submissions may include a check, money order, or card authorization.
Submission Options
The transferor FFL/SOT submits Form 4 (paper or eForm) on behalf of the transferee, whether that’s an individual, trust, or legal entity. Applicants provide required photos, fingerprints, and supporting documentation.
Dealers can submit Form 4 in two ways:
- ATF eForms: The fastest and most accurate method. The eForms system automatically checks required fields and reduces data-entry mistakes.
- Paper Forms: Still accepted but processed manually by ATF staff, which can extend turnaround time slightly.
In every case, accuracy is essential. Even minor mismatches, such as a missing digit in the serial number, can delay approval for weeks.
Upcoming NFA Tax Stamp Rule and Policy Changes
ATF Modernization and 2026 Tax Update
Effective January 1, 2026, under Public Law 119-21 (the One Big Beautiful Bill Act), the NFA transfer and making tax will be reduced to $0 for most items (excluding machine guns and destructive devices). Form 4 filing and background-check requirements will still remain in place.
Impact of the One Big Beautiful Bill Act
Beginning January 2026, the NFA transfer tax will be $0 for silencers, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, and Any Other Weapons (AOWs). Machine guns and destructive devices will still require a paid $200 tax.
Possible impacts (per ATF’s budget analysis):
- Higher application volume: Removing the cost barrier will likely lead to a surge in submissions, particularly for suppressors and SBRs.
- Potential processing delays: Increased volume could temporarily slow down approvals, even for eForms.
- Resource adjustments: Failure to increase staffing levels could result in a backlog of NFA Applications.
For FFLs, this means planning ahead and preparing customers for possible delays. Dealers who maintain accurate digital records and use automated compliance tools will be best positioned to manage the increased demand.
Avoiding ATF Form 4 Delays and Common Mistakes
Common Causes of Delays
Despite faster average processing times, delays still occur when applications contain errors or omissions. Frequent causes include:
- Missing or unreadable fingerprint cards
- Incorrect serial number or manufacturer data
- Incomplete Form 5320.23 for responsible persons
- Incorrect or unverified tax payment
- Multiple responsible persons in trusts causing additional review
- Temporary slowdowns due to high submission volume or system maintenance
Best Practices for Faster Approvals
FFLs and applicants can minimize wait times by following proven strategies:
- Use ATF eForms: Electronic filing is faster and more accurate than paper.
- Verify all information: Double-check spelling, serial numbers, and applicant details.
- Submit digital fingerprints and photos: Electronic uploads reduce mailing delays and rejections.
- Keep trust paperwork current: Each responsible person must complete Form 5320.23 with valid prints.
- Provide proper CLEO notification: Keep a dated copy as proof of compliance.
- Retain documentation: Save digital copies of every submission and payment confirmation.
Accuracy is the fastest way to a faster approval. Every field on the form should match the firearm and applicant records exactly.
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