At a Glance: Federally, the Supreme Court affirmed ATF’s frame-or-receiver rule, the pistol-brace rule was vacated, ATF issued import rulings and a new enforcement policy, and Commerce rolled back prior export limits. Several federal bills remain pending, signaling possible changes to background checks, dealer oversight, and reciprocity.
Federal firearms regulation shifted in 2025 in ways that matter to every Federal Firearms Licensee. Dealers saw a Supreme Court decision on frames and receivers, the brace rule vacated, updated Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) import rulings, a new administrative enforcement posture, and an export rollback. These actions touch firearm transfers, background checks, imports, and definitions relied on by law enforcement. This guide summarizes what is approved and what remains proposed at the federal level. It focuses on clear takeaways for storefronts, ranges, pawnbrokers, and e-commerce dealers that manage A&D books and Form 4473 workflows every day. The goal is faster, clearer compliance decisions.
Approved / Enacted Federal Rules & Laws (2025)
Bondi v. VanDerStok — Supreme Court upholds ATF “Frame or Receiver” rule
On March 26, 2025, the Supreme Court issued a 7 to 2 decision in Bondi v. VanDerStok. The Court affirmed that the Gun Control Act allows ATF to regulate certain unfinished receivers and parts kits that may be readily converted. The ruling upheld the rule’s general validity, while leaving room for later challenges about whether specific items or configurations fall within the statute’s scope. For dealers, treat regulated kits and partially complete frames as firearms for background checks, serialization, and records.
One Big Beautiful Bill Act (NFA tax set to $0, effective January 1, 2026)
Congress reduced the NFA tax to $0 for suppressors, short-barreled rifles (SBRs), short-barreled shotguns (SBSs), and Any Other Weapons (AOWs). The change does not cover machine guns or destructive devices. The effective date is January 1, 2026. Dealers should prepare updated workflows now. Record serial numbers, complete Form 4, and run background checks. Lower cost may increase lawful NFA demand, so plan inventory and staffing accordingly.
ATF “New Era of Reform” / Administrative Action Policy
In 2025, ATF replaced its prior zero-tolerance policy with an Administrative Action Policy. The update favors corrective steps and education for nonmaterial errors. Serious or willful violations still face revocation. Many FFLs will see a more balanced approach to inspections, warning conferences, and follow-ups. Document training, audit your A&D entries, and keep corrective actions on file.
ATF Ruling 2025-1 / Importing dual-use barrels
Ruling 2025-1 clarifies which dual-use barrels qualify under the sporting-purposes exception. The clarification helps certain importers, but it does not remove all scrutiny. Some configurations can still face review or denial based on context. Dealers who handle imported firearms should retain manufacturer certifications and import documentation before completing sales.
ATF Ruling 2025-2 / Importing training rounds
Ruling 2025-2 draws a clearer line between inert training rounds and regulated ammunition. The clarification reduces the risk of inadvertent violations in defined cases. It does not convert all training items into exempt goods. Maintain clear documentation for inert items used by law enforcement, security, or range instruction.
Factoring criteria for firearms with attached “stabilizing braces” (vacated and unenforceable)
As of 2025, the 2023 pistol-brace rule, including its factoring criteria, has been vacated by the courts and is not being enforced. The Department of Justice dismissed its appeal. In July 2025, the government jointly dismissed its appeal in Mock v. Bondi, confirming the vacatur and effectively ending federal enforcement of the brace rule.
DOJ / ATF Interim Final Rule-Withdrawal of Delegation
In March 2025, the Department of Justice issued an interim final rule under 18 U.S.C. § 925(c) withdrawing prior delegation of authority for relief from federal firearm disabilities. The change centralizes review under the Attorney General’s office. The rule is in force, subject to comment. Dealers may see downstream effects in background check results and appeals when applicants seek relief.
Export policy rollback finalized
In September 2025, the Bureau of Industry and Security rescinded prior civilian-firearms export restrictions. The rollback is now in effect. Manufacturers and licensed dealers working with exports should review current BIS guidance, licensing steps, and end-user controls.
Proposed / Pending Federal Rules & Bills (2025)
Beyond finalized actions, several federal bills could reshape compliance if enacted. These measures remain in committee or awaiting further action. They show where policy might move next, so dealers should track them during the legislative session.
- GHOST Act (H.R. 3373 / S. 1490): Proposes shipment tracking and oversight for firearm parts linked to ghost guns.
- Federal Firearms Licensee Protection Act (H.R. 1773): Increases penalties for theft from licensed premises and strengthens investigations.
- Federal Firearm Licensee Act (H.R. 2618): Modernizes recordkeeping, inspections, and renewal processes for FFLs.
- Protecting Americans from Reckless Gun Dealers Act: Expands transparency of ATF inspection results and penalties for repeat violations.
- Keeping Gun Dealers Honest Act of 2025: Broadens revocation tools for repeated sales and reporting violations.
- Constitutional Concealed Carry Reciprocity Act (H.R. 38): Would require national recognition of state permits, allowing lawful gun owners to carry a concealed weapon or concealed firearm across state lines under consistent standards.
Staying Prepared for Legislative Change
Every year brings new proposals. The best approach is proactive awareness. Review each ATF update, watch proposed bills, and keep accurate records that meet current standards. Digital and auditable processes make updates faster and reduce risk for firearm sales and transfers.
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Frequently Asked Questions
Background checks remain mandatory for all firearm sales conducted by a licensed dealer. The new rules reinforce recordkeeping requirements and clarify disqualifiers related to felony convictions, domestic violence, controlled substance use, and active protective orders. FastBound’s digital A&D system helps dealers stay compliant with every ATF update.
Yes. Federal law continues to prohibit firearm possession for individuals with a felony conviction or a domestic violence misdemeanor. Dealers must run background checks to identify disqualifying criminal offenses or court orders before completing a firearm sale or transfer.
The 2025 changes mainly focus on federal compliance and definitions under the Gun Control Act. Open carry and handgun license rules still vary by state. Local governments and general assembly actions may add firearm regulations during the legislative session.
Some federal updates clarify classifications for semiautomatic firearms, stabilizing braces, and components that may be treated as dangerous weapons. Dealers should track ATF rulings and Senate or House bills that could expand the scope of firearm regulation in future sessions.
